Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Compare and Contrast Tumor Suppressor Genes and...
Compare and contrast tumour suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. Discuss an example of how recent advances in our understanding of these genes have led to the development of a novel therapy that is being used in the treatment of human cancer. Cancer known in medicine as a malignant neoplasm is one of the biggest killers worldwide. In 2007, cancer caused roughly 13% (7.9 million) of the planet’s deaths (Jemal, 2011). This will more greatly affect an aging society such as ours in years to come, and yet it is already the foremost cause of death in the developed world. The main reason cancer causes so many fatalities the body’s inability to mount an effective response to the failure of DNA replication within the body. This results in a mass†¦show more content†¦Mutations (for most cancers) must appear in both tumour suppressing genes and oncogenes for cancers to form. The tumour suppressing genes and oncogenes act in complementary fashion to one another; one pulls forward, and the other pushes back ensuring that the cell cycle occurs in a controlled manner (Sherr, 2004). Oncogenes were discovered in the 1960s, when it was discovered that some animal cancers such as lymphomas were caused by viruses. Some of these viruses were notable due to the simplicity of their RNA genome. These viruses only had three distinct transcription units, involved in the replication of the virus (coat proteins and reverse transcriptase etc.), and an extra gene. This was an oncogene. When oncogenes are properly functioning they are termed proto-oncogenes (Todd R, 1999). Their normal function is to control cell proliferation. These function in growth signalling pathways, and conversely to tumour suppressing cells are activated through a gain in function rather than a loss of it. This occurs in two ways, by producing more of a product, or producing a subtly different product, as a result of a mutation similar to tumour suppressor genes (Croce, 2008). Oncogenes play a particularly strong role in the development of breast cancers. Often the normal ERBB2 and other related genes are amplified in late stage neuroblastomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. ERBB2 encodes HER2 which is a member of the epidermal growth factorShow MoreRelatedBio 241 Hmwrk 11051 Words  | 5 Pagesï » ¿Christopher Scott Biol 241 homework Professor: Greg Crowther 1. Compare and contrast the reasons cell division is important for unicellular and multicellular organisms. Cell division is the method in which single celled organisms reproduce. Cell division allows multi-cellular to grow and repair dead or damaged cells 2. Provide an example of why cell division remains important to an adult organism even after it isfully developed. Some cells divide to heal wounds such as cuts or broken bones.Read MoreStudy Notes for Advanced Pathophysiology5046 Words  | 21 Pagesof mitotic division (e.g. - epidermis, intestinal epithelium, glandular tissue). Hyperplasia is a controlled process; occurs in response to Certain stimulus; Stops after that stimulus is removed. Involves activation of genes controlling cell proliferation the presence of intracellular messengers that control cell replication and growth. Can be physiologic and non-physiologic Atrophy-Occurs d/t a decrease in work demand, adverse environmental state
Friday, May 15, 2020
Risk, Demography, and Technological Evolution in...
Mark Collard’s lecture was about risk, demography, and technological evolution in non-industrial populations and he discussed the evolution of tool use among a variety of groups of hunter-gatherers and food-producing communities. Collard states that the number and complexity of tools varies greatly among populations and he focuses on why this variation exists. He starts off by discussing and analyzing toolkit variation in both hunter-gatherer and farming societies and then moves on to discuss overall technological variation in these societies and the possible explanation for it. He lists four hypotheses that help explain this variation in toolkits among groups. They are the Diet hypothesis, the Risk hypothesis, the Mobility hypothesis,†¦show more content†¦He then moves on to food producers (farmers) instead of hunter-gatherers. He notes that population size is a major driver in technological variation among food- producers and there is no evidence of risk of resource failure in these larger groups. I think that the most interesting question posed by Mark Collard is whether there is a difference between hunter-gatherers and food producers in regards to toolkit variation. Not only is he interested in the difference between the two group types, he uses multiple variables and hypotheses to measure and analyze these differences. If I was to do this experiment, it would have never crossed my mind to compare groups of different composition and social structure. I would have thought that humans are all capable of the same activities and that global variation among toolkit complexity and richness was due mostly to environmental factors. The most important thing I learned was how tool use evolved over time, leading to our species’ current use of advanced tools. Even though Collard did not speak about humans over a long period of time or directly about human evolution, one can deduce that as our species evolved from foragers to organized societies, our toolkit complexity and richness increased dramatically. Given the information inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Marketing Analysis of Fantasticc Golf Company4175 Words  | 17 Pagesstatement                                             6 Consumers’ analysis                                             6 Target market                                             7 Consumers’ characteristics                                   8 Market demography                                        8 Target market by cities                                   9 External Analysis of Sweden/Infrastructure                         9      Business-Related Infrastructure                              10      Consumer-OrientedRead MoreSurvival Strategy for Startup Business10775 Words  | 44 PagesBarry_Bayus@UNC.edu Rajshree Agarwal College of Business University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 350 Wohlers Hall, 1206 S. Sixth Street Champaign, IL 61822 Voice: (217) 265-5513 Fax: (217) 244-7969 agarwalr@uiuc.edu Key words: innovation, industry evolution, marketing, entrepreneurship Revised May 2006 This research has had a long development cycle. We appreciate comments of the following people on a much earlier version of this paper: Jay Barney, Gaurab Bhardwaj, Oliver Chatain, Raj Echambadi, GlennRead MoreTourism Guide of New Zealand4782 Words  | 19 Pages.....................................................................................................5 1.1 Geography.......................................................................................................................5 1.2 Demography....................................................................................................................7 2. 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The FMCG’s promising market includes middle class and the rural segments of the Indian population, and give brand makers the opportunity to convert them to branded products. It includes food and beverage, personal care, pharmaceuticals, plastic goods, paper and stationery and household products etc. India, Asia’s third largest economy, sawRead MoreInfluence Of International Culture On The Fashion Industry7108 Words  | 29 Pagesassortment of reactions. The attire typically emulates the social movements and societal stratifications that are befalling at the time. Standard of life and styles are powerfully inclined by the social composition fluctuations; such as innovation, technological revolution as well as inventive activities. Buying apparel has become reckless and unscrupulous; in terms of meeting the consumers demand. Suppliers are altering their response times to meet the strains, inflicted by merchants to encounter theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words  | 656 PagesThe New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. 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Political institutions and the distributionRead MoreCase Study About General Electric8901 Words  | 36 PagesThis strategy had involved reconfiguring GE’s business portfolio around two core businesses, infrastructure and specialty financial services, reorienting GE’s performance goals towards revenue growth, refocusing GE’s competitive advantage around technological innovation and customer service, and adjusting GE’s structure, management processes, and corporate culture. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Dr. Elaine Sia s Life And Accomplishments - 1217 Words
Dr. Elaine Sia is a biology professor at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. She grew up in Midland, Michigan and moved to the Cleveland, Ohio area during her senior year of high school. Dr. Sia obtained her Bachelor of Science degree in the Biological Sciences from Michigan State University. After graduation she entered the PhD program at Columbia University, in the Microbiology Dept. at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. She obtained her PhD from Columbia in 1994. Dr. Sia’s father was a chemical engineer and worked at Dow Chemical company for his entire career. He modeled a scientific approach to problems throughout Dr. Sia’s childhood and instilled in her a enthusiasm for science and technology. While she attended Michigan State University, she worked as a technical assistant for Dr. Wendy Champness in the Department of Microbiology and continued that position for a year after graduation. Interacting with Dr. Champness led Dr. Sia to believe that she wanted to become a college professor and researcher. Dr. Champness was instrumental in her decision to attend graduate school. Dr. David Figurski was her graduate school mentor and was a fantastic role model, and helped Dr. Sia to learn to become a very successful independent researcher. It is standard in her field to have several years of postdoctoral experience with a different mentor, so after she obtained her PhD, Dr. Sia went to work in the laboratory of Dr. Tom Petes in the Biology Department in
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Analyse the poetic techniques used in Robert Frosts The telephone Essay Example For Students
Analyse the poetic techniques used in Robert Frosts The telephone Essay The telephone Is a poem about an Individuals Interpretation of a telephone conversation with another. The speaker in the poem talks about a meeting with the same person that had happened in the past showing that there is some history and that this is a sequel to another conversation. We see constant misconceptions between both people, and in this respect it is a sort of rebirth and a sort of familiarity between the speaker and the person on the corresponding end. Through the poem we see Frost relating the phone metaphorically with natural wings, in this way he also personifies the object he is relating to the phone. He relates the telephone to being a Flower And thus relates the phone with a beautiful sweet smelling flower. In this respect, we come to the conclusion that the person on the other end is very close to the speaker, a significant other. Frost also links the flower with a Bee Making a clearer link with nature. The bee almost makes a melodious humming sound further describing the sound of the person on he other end Frost uses ranges of metaphors throughout the poem to tie in with his link from the telephone to nature. Frost makes the poem first person singular to get an insight of the speaker and his real thoughts. He also uses the word You To get the reader involved, but symbolically we know he Is referring to the other person. Using this method of first person, Frost Is successfully making the conversation more genuine and In some sense more truthful. And so by using the words And You The poem comes more realistic and gives us a look into the speakers thoughts making the poem a persona. The structural formation of the poem is irregular. Frost begins with a nine line stanza followed by a one line stanza. This slows the poems flow and lets the reader collect their thoughts. He goes onto having a seven line stanza followed by a pair of one line stanzas. This random structure In a way shows us that the speaker, who Is reminiscing on a past confrontation with the same person, has random remembrances of what was said. This is also mirrored in the poem by the speakers questions and attempts to revive the other persons memory Do you remember what it was you said? And thus by using this sort of irregular formation, Frost does not have any restrictions In the rhyme or rhythm although the poem does contain fair amounts of rhyme. Right through the poem, there is a lot of Juxtaposition. Frost uses words such as; Was Still Did To contrast with the words representing the present; Today This presents yet another concept of what the speaker is dealing with. He is dealing with the restraints of time which only make life travel faster. Yet also this gives the juxtaposition, Frost can make a further relation with the reader and also bring in history to make the poem more relevant. In conclusion, The Telephone by Robert Frost, is an overview of a telephone call the speaker makes. This conversation is linked with nature and natural elements to make the poem more down to earth. The first person in the poem, make it more personal and the Juxtaposition makes the poem more relevant to the audience.
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