The Influence of Ther Catholic Church on Iriish Social Policy

Name: Aoife Dunne Student No: 112732149 Class: BSW I hereby declare that all the work is my own , when I have referred to the work and ideas of others, I have referenced it accordingly. Aoife Dunne Essay 2013 Title: Discuss the influence of the Catholic Church on Irish Social Policy This essay examines the influence of the Catholic Church on Irish Social Policy. This essay will focus on the Church’s role as a provider of charity. It seeks to address the following questions: How does one define social policy? Why did strong ties exist between The Catholic Church and the Irish State? Why did the Catholic Church endorse the principle of subsidiarity? What key policies are evident of Catholic influence? How does one define Social†¦show more content†¦The general attitude towards poverty was that it was self-inflicted. In 1845-47 one million people died as a result of the famine, yet the response of the Irish government to the famine was minimal. â€Å"The famine years witnessed the workhouses become overcrowded centres of disease and destitution – in March 1851, 250,611 people were paupers receiving poor relief in the workhouse† (Feriter,2004,p.52) .Voluntary groups such as the Quakers emerged nineteenth century and established soup kitchens. The Catholic Church took on a more significant role as a† provider of social services from the mid-nineteenth century†(Considine and Dukelow ,2009,p.15. The Church strongly endorsed the principle of Subsidiarity, supporting the belief that areas concerned with provision should be managed at local level, by various community based groups. The wording used in the papal encyclical Quadragesimo Anno in written by Pope Pius X1 in1931 as cited by (Ibid) illustrates this endorsement. The language used in the encyclical reflects the dominance and

The Federal Reserve Bank and Monetary Values - 1295 Words

Monetary values have changed throughout history because problems presented in each system of commerce. Bartering was among the earliest forms of commerce to present a problem. It did not establish monetary value in anything specific, allowing an individual’s wants or needs to be deemed monetary values. Each seller could make exchange requests based on different things. For example, a starving man could deem grain a commodity if he only manufactures luxury goods. Based on his hunger, the starving man can request to make an exchange of his luxury good with farmers for grain. Given that luxury goods are not a necessity, nor desired by everyone, the farmers can refuse his offer. The man would have to barter with a third party to acquire whatever the farmers were willing to make an exchange for. Inconsistent commodities in bartering made transactions inefficient because it could require multiple exchanges. Standards were established to combat the inefficiency of bartering through e stablishing value in one set commodity that all would accept. With a standard, the man could obtain grain directly from the farmers because it is mandated that the standard be accepted as debt payment. Therefore, it is more efficient to have a standard which only requires one transaction than to barter. For a matter of convenience, value transferred from virtually any object to specific resources. A common resource used for standards is metal. In early empires and recent nations, gold and/or silverShow MoreRelatedFiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, and a Healthy Gross Domestic Product1716 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic Health/Fiscal Policies and Federal Reserve/Monetary Policies Paper Understanding Gross Domestic product is central for understanding the business cycle and the progression of long-run economic growth (Hubbard O’Brien, 2011, p. 631). 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Single Sex Classes free essay sample

The students should not be separated in single sex schools. In the essay Separating the Sexes, Just for the Tough Years we can see that our author is agreed with the separation of both sexes in middle school (6th to 8th grade). These are the years when the kids experiment different changes in physical, emotional and cognitive levels. There are opinion in both sides, positive and negative, from parents and educators.The first reason that the author gives us is that in separated classes the students develop confidence and self-esteem. This might be true but in mixed classes the students learn about each other. Maybe they feel there is a little bit of competition but this is necessary to prove themselves. All the girls can be good at math and science like boys, and boys can be good in literature and open with their feelings. There is no need to believe that men are better than women or vice versa. We will write a custom essay sample on Single Sex Classes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second reason that is given to us is that even when they do not study in mixed classes, they can interact normally outside of school. I believe that they can learn to work together in mixed classes because they interact more and that will help them in the future. The essay says that they can interact with members of the opposite gender in negotiating chores and other things. But for example, if the student has not siblings or cousins, the only opportunity that they have to interact each other is in school. I am agreed with this person in their opinion that maybe in some mixed schools there is discrimination. Some teachers pay more attention to boys, maybe this is because the girls are more mature for some things but even when the girls raise their hands some teachers ignore them. That is the only point that I am agreed with. In conclusion, is better when boys and girls work together for a common purpose.

Slavery and the Underground Railroad

Introduction American history is one of the richest histories in the world encompassing a wide range of events, seasons, movements and revolutions. From George Washington to Barrack Obama, America has continuously witnessed fascinating and historical moments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and the Underground Railroad specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its global superiority and influence is attributed to efforts made by people like President Lincoln who are known throughout history. One of the famous historic events in the history of America was slavery, which led to the rise of movements that continuously fought for equality. This paper analyses slavery from 1492-1877, giving remarkable timeline events in history. Slavery timeline It is believed that by 1501, slaves from parts of Africa were being ferried to Santo Domingo by Spanish settlers for the purpose of championing their interests[1]. The move was however met with resistance from slaves who engaged in revolts in order to fight for their human rights. A good example is the Caribbean slave revolt of 1522 when enslaved people termed slavery as exploitation of rights. Under British colonialism, colonies in North America began receiving slaves from Africa with the first destination being Jamestown. They were treated like indentured servants and freed after a fixed period of time. Seventeenth century welcomed the first anti-slavery publication which was released by Samuel Seawell, a jurist and printer in Massachusetts. This publication propagated efforts by activists and anti-slavery activities in North America through public awareness. Mr. Seawell believed that the only way of achieving the goal was through publications. Nevertheless, the journey to realize equal treatment was not easy; it was resisted by colonizers. In 1705 slaves were described as property to be sold and bought, giving their masters authority to mistreat and ki ll those who demonstrated any form of resistance[2]. Virginia was the first state to recognize this creed as its law makers viewed slavery as real estate industry at that time. Abolitionist Society The movement was started in 1775 in Philadelphia for the purpose of fighting for the release of Negroes who were being held unlawfully as slaves. The movement was later named as Pennsylvania Abolition Society and is recognized as the oldest anti-slavery society in America. The society reorganized itself in 1780s to widen its mandate and activities[3].Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of these missions was to improve the living standards of Africans who were being undermined by white people. Besides fighting for the rights of enslaved and the need to end slavery, the movement promoted education and employment for the African-American community. Slavery after 1775 The Declaration of Independ ence was to allow all United Colonies in America to be free and independent states. The Fugitive Slave Act was adopted in 1793 to outlaw any measures that would prevent the recapture of slaves who tried to escape. This undermined efforts to end slavery and promote the lives of African-Americans who were less considered. With continued pressure and efforts to have equal right in America, United States banned the importation of African Slaves in 1808. This was seen as a forward step in ending slavery that was being compared to the real estate business. However, the ban did not end importation of slaves from Africa as white settlers smuggled slaves into the country. Even though United States had banned slave trade, the Missouri Comprise allowed it to be admitted as a slave state in 1820 while Maine was considered as a free state[4]. Compromise of 1850 This was a series of five legislative bills that were to enhance a balance between Northern and Southern regions by controlling the spre ad of slavery. The first bill allowed entry of California to the Union as a free state whereas the second one gave the people of Utah and New Mexico a chance to vote and decided for their states. According to the third bill, the Republic of Texas relinquished parcels of land which it had acquired in New Mexico. This enabled Texas to pay a debt it owed Mexico after receiving $ 10 million from the land[5]. In addition, the fourth bill prohibited slavery in the District of Columbia. Controversially, the fifth bill imposed a heavy fine on federal officials who failed to arrest defiant salves. Slavery after the Compromise of 1850 Kansas and Nebraska were allowed by Congress to choose between slavery and free states through the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This resulted into clashes between the pro and anti- Kansas-Nebraska Act, forcing the Supreme Court to intervene. Through the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, the court dismissed the idea of slaves being granted citizenship arguing that the y were not recognized by law[6]. The court further stated that Congress lacked constitutional mandate to outlaw slavery in Kansas and Nebraska. It is believed that the Dred Scott Decision fully contributed to the Civil War immediately after the election of Abraham Lincoln as the first republican President from Illinois in 1860. Existing differences between Northern and Southern States continued before hitting the peak in 1961 when southern states pulled out of the Union.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and the Underground Railroad specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The secession was nullified by President Lincoln who ordered soldiers to quell the rebellion through an attack on the South. This led to a fatal clash that lasted four years, claiming the lives of more than six hundred thousand people. It was during this time that the president drafted the Emancipation Proclamation which was issued in January 18 63[7]. The decree freed slaves in rebel states leaving those in loyal states in bondage. Consequently, pressure mounted for the amendment of the proclamation to completely abolish slavery in the United States. The 13th Amendment of 1865 outlawed slavery in the United States[8]. This allowed black people to hold legislative offices, promoted social justice and access to public facilities. Nevertheless, the fight went on as some states continued to undermine African-Americans. Several massacres were witnessed including the â€Å"Opelousas Massacre† in1868 and the â€Å"Clinton Massacre† in 1875. The appointment of President Rutherford in 1877 marked the end of reconstruction although segregation continued to haunt African-Americans. Conclusion It is evident that slavery is a major component of the American history which had significant impact on the most powerful nation on the planet. The war against it was brutal and fatal, claiming the lives of many black and white peo ple. Efforts to end slavery led to the formation of influential and important movements that have remained active in fighting against social injustices and promoting equality in the American society. Bibliography Davis, Ronald. â€Å"Slavery in America: Historical Overview.† Slavery in America. Web. Henretta, James and David Brody. America: A Concise History. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. Schneider, Dorothy and Carl Schneider. Slavery in America. New York City: Infobase Publishing, 2006.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Footnotes Ronald Davis, â€Å"Slavery in America: Historical Overview†. Slavery in America. Dorothy Schneider and Schneider Carl, Slavery in America (New York City: Infobase Publishing, 2006), 16. Ronald Davis, â€Å"Slavery in America: Historical Overview,† Slavery in America. Ibid Dorothy Schneider and Schneider Carl, Slavery in America (New York City: Infobase Publishing, 2006), 17. James Henretta and Brody David, America: A Concise History (Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009), 349. Ronald Davis, â€Å"Slavery in America: Historical Overview,† Slavery in America. Dorothy Schneider and Schneider Carl, Slavery in America (New York City: Infobase Publishing, 2006), 17. This essay on Slavery and the Underground Railroad was written and submitted by user Anna Baker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.