The Influence of Ther Catholic Church on Iriish Social Policy

Name: Aoife Dunne Student No: 112732149 Class: BSW I hereby declare that all the work is my own , when I have referred to the work and ideas of others, I have referenced it accordingly. Aoife Dunne Essay 2013 Title: Discuss the influence of the Catholic Church on Irish Social Policy This essay examines the influence of the Catholic Church on Irish Social Policy. This essay will focus on the Church’s role as a provider of charity. It seeks to address the following questions: How does one define social policy? Why did strong ties exist between The Catholic Church and the Irish State? Why did the Catholic Church endorse the principle of subsidiarity? What key policies are evident of Catholic influence? How does one define Social†¦show more content†¦The general attitude towards poverty was that it was self-inflicted. In 1845-47 one million people died as a result of the famine, yet the response of the Irish government to the famine was minimal. â€Å"The famine years witnessed the workhouses become overcrowded centres of disease and destitution – in March 1851, 250,611 people were paupers receiving poor relief in the workhouse† (Feriter,2004,p.52) .Voluntary groups such as the Quakers emerged nineteenth century and established soup kitchens. The Catholic Church took on a more significant role as a† provider of social services from the mid-nineteenth century†(Considine and Dukelow ,2009,p.15. The Church strongly endorsed the principle of Subsidiarity, supporting the belief that areas concerned with provision should be managed at local level, by various community based groups. The wording used in the papal encyclical Quadragesimo Anno in written by Pope Pius X1 in1931 as cited by (Ibid) illustrates this endorsement. The language used in the encyclical reflects the dominance and

The Federal Reserve Bank and Monetary Values - 1295 Words

Monetary values have changed throughout history because problems presented in each system of commerce. Bartering was among the earliest forms of commerce to present a problem. It did not establish monetary value in anything specific, allowing an individual’s wants or needs to be deemed monetary values. Each seller could make exchange requests based on different things. For example, a starving man could deem grain a commodity if he only manufactures luxury goods. Based on his hunger, the starving man can request to make an exchange of his luxury good with farmers for grain. Given that luxury goods are not a necessity, nor desired by everyone, the farmers can refuse his offer. The man would have to barter with a third party to acquire whatever the farmers were willing to make an exchange for. Inconsistent commodities in bartering made transactions inefficient because it could require multiple exchanges. Standards were established to combat the inefficiency of bartering through e stablishing value in one set commodity that all would accept. With a standard, the man could obtain grain directly from the farmers because it is mandated that the standard be accepted as debt payment. Therefore, it is more efficient to have a standard which only requires one transaction than to barter. For a matter of convenience, value transferred from virtually any object to specific resources. A common resource used for standards is metal. In early empires and recent nations, gold and/or silverShow MoreRelatedFiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, and a Healthy Gross Domestic Product1716 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic Health/Fiscal Policies and Federal Reserve/Monetary Policies Paper Understanding Gross Domestic product is central for understanding the business cycle and the progression of long-run economic growth (Hubbard O’Brien, 2011, p. 631). The GDP is defined as the value-added of all goods and services produced in a given period of time within the United States (2008). The GDP is widely used as an gauge economic wellness and health of the country. What the GDP represents has a hefty impactRead MoreThe US Federal Reserves Monetary Policy916 Words   |  4 PagesU.S. Federal Reserves Monetary Policy The nations monetary policy is set up by the Federal Reserve in order to support the aims and objectives of better employment, stable prices and a suitable and logical long term interest rates. One of the main challenges that are faced by policy makers is the stress among the aims and objectives that can occur in the short term and the fact that information regarding the economy becomes delayed and can be inaccurate (Monetary). The Federal Reserve Act laysRead MoreThe Federal Reserve And Its Monetary Policy1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Federal Reserve and its Monetary Policy The Fed, or The Federal Reserve is the Central banking system of the United States of America. This politically isolated central banking system of the United States Is to the rest of the world’s central banking systems, what the influence of the writings of John Locke, and the Magna Carta are to creation of the United States and its Declaration of Independence. Apart from a few minor/major economic crisis since its conception, The Federal Reserve systemRead MoreThe Workings And Structure Of The Federal Reserve Banks Of Usa1507 Words   |  7 Pagesfurthermore consists of the Federal Reserve System, foreign banks, commercial banks, offshore banks, credit unions and saving institutions. Financial markets consist of debt and money markets, equities markets and futures and options markets. Lastly, nonbank financial institutions consist of asset-based finance companies, commercial lending companies and insurance companies. This paper is an endeavor to understand the workings and structure of the Federal Reserve Banks of USA. Founded by the U.SRead MoreMonetary Policy Of The Federal Reserve System1187 Words   |  5 Pagesby the central bank called the Federal Reserve System. The tope covered in this paper is the monetary policy which is the policy that decides if unemployment, interest, and inflation decreases or increases. The Monetary policy decides what price a person pays for an item at the store, how much interest a person will get charged on a loan for a car. This is something most people consider, most just look for the best price point or look where their money can go the farthest. 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Difference in Discount Rate and Federal Funds Rate: Banks are able to borrow from the Fed if the discount rate charged by the Fed is lower than the federal funds rate charged by other banks. As the discount rate is decreased, banks shift theirRead MoreRole Of The Federal Reserve1210 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Federal Reserve We will begin with real GDP. Real GDP, an acronym for Gross Domestic Product, is the total value of final goods and services during a particular period or year adjusted for price changes. The GDP is an indicator of a country’s economic health. Final goods and services definition is a goods consumed rather than used for further processing. The Real GDP is increased or decreased based Inflation or deflation. Inflation is an increase in the average overall price for goodsRead MoreHow Does The Central Bank Manage The Nation s Monetary System?845 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Money is a means of payment, store value, and a unit of account† (Case, Fair, Oster 2011). Money is our economy’s barter. Instead of providing goods and services to get other good and services, money is that form of exchange. For example, you can easily go to the store with money and buy a gallon of milk. Money is a store of value; for instance gold and silver. Money gives purchasing power from one period to another, in other words it can be (look for â€Å"USED†)r ver time. As mention in the classRead MoreMonetary Policy Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesMonetary Policy in the United States Abstract The role of government in the American economy goes past just being a regulator for specific industries. There are two main tools for achieving these objectives: fiscal policy and monetary policy. The Federal Reserve sets the nations monetary policy to promote the objectives of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. Monetary Policy in the United States Monetary policy is the government or central

Single Sex Classes free essay sample

The students should not be separated in single sex schools. In the essay Separating the Sexes, Just for the Tough Years we can see that our author is agreed with the separation of both sexes in middle school (6th to 8th grade). These are the years when the kids experiment different changes in physical, emotional and cognitive levels. There are opinion in both sides, positive and negative, from parents and educators.The first reason that the author gives us is that in separated classes the students develop confidence and self-esteem. This might be true but in mixed classes the students learn about each other. Maybe they feel there is a little bit of competition but this is necessary to prove themselves. All the girls can be good at math and science like boys, and boys can be good in literature and open with their feelings. There is no need to believe that men are better than women or vice versa. We will write a custom essay sample on Single Sex Classes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second reason that is given to us is that even when they do not study in mixed classes, they can interact normally outside of school. I believe that they can learn to work together in mixed classes because they interact more and that will help them in the future. The essay says that they can interact with members of the opposite gender in negotiating chores and other things. But for example, if the student has not siblings or cousins, the only opportunity that they have to interact each other is in school. I am agreed with this person in their opinion that maybe in some mixed schools there is discrimination. Some teachers pay more attention to boys, maybe this is because the girls are more mature for some things but even when the girls raise their hands some teachers ignore them. That is the only point that I am agreed with. In conclusion, is better when boys and girls work together for a common purpose.

Slavery and the Underground Railroad

Introduction American history is one of the richest histories in the world encompassing a wide range of events, seasons, movements and revolutions. From George Washington to Barrack Obama, America has continuously witnessed fascinating and historical moments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and the Underground Railroad specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its global superiority and influence is attributed to efforts made by people like President Lincoln who are known throughout history. One of the famous historic events in the history of America was slavery, which led to the rise of movements that continuously fought for equality. This paper analyses slavery from 1492-1877, giving remarkable timeline events in history. Slavery timeline It is believed that by 1501, slaves from parts of Africa were being ferried to Santo Domingo by Spanish settlers for the purpose of championing their interests[1]. The move was however met with resistance from slaves who engaged in revolts in order to fight for their human rights. A good example is the Caribbean slave revolt of 1522 when enslaved people termed slavery as exploitation of rights. Under British colonialism, colonies in North America began receiving slaves from Africa with the first destination being Jamestown. They were treated like indentured servants and freed after a fixed period of time. Seventeenth century welcomed the first anti-slavery publication which was released by Samuel Seawell, a jurist and printer in Massachusetts. This publication propagated efforts by activists and anti-slavery activities in North America through public awareness. Mr. Seawell believed that the only way of achieving the goal was through publications. Nevertheless, the journey to realize equal treatment was not easy; it was resisted by colonizers. In 1705 slaves were described as property to be sold and bought, giving their masters authority to mistreat and ki ll those who demonstrated any form of resistance[2]. Virginia was the first state to recognize this creed as its law makers viewed slavery as real estate industry at that time. Abolitionist Society The movement was started in 1775 in Philadelphia for the purpose of fighting for the release of Negroes who were being held unlawfully as slaves. The movement was later named as Pennsylvania Abolition Society and is recognized as the oldest anti-slavery society in America. The society reorganized itself in 1780s to widen its mandate and activities[3].Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of these missions was to improve the living standards of Africans who were being undermined by white people. Besides fighting for the rights of enslaved and the need to end slavery, the movement promoted education and employment for the African-American community. Slavery after 1775 The Declaration of Independ ence was to allow all United Colonies in America to be free and independent states. The Fugitive Slave Act was adopted in 1793 to outlaw any measures that would prevent the recapture of slaves who tried to escape. This undermined efforts to end slavery and promote the lives of African-Americans who were less considered. With continued pressure and efforts to have equal right in America, United States banned the importation of African Slaves in 1808. This was seen as a forward step in ending slavery that was being compared to the real estate business. However, the ban did not end importation of slaves from Africa as white settlers smuggled slaves into the country. Even though United States had banned slave trade, the Missouri Comprise allowed it to be admitted as a slave state in 1820 while Maine was considered as a free state[4]. Compromise of 1850 This was a series of five legislative bills that were to enhance a balance between Northern and Southern regions by controlling the spre ad of slavery. The first bill allowed entry of California to the Union as a free state whereas the second one gave the people of Utah and New Mexico a chance to vote and decided for their states. According to the third bill, the Republic of Texas relinquished parcels of land which it had acquired in New Mexico. This enabled Texas to pay a debt it owed Mexico after receiving $ 10 million from the land[5]. In addition, the fourth bill prohibited slavery in the District of Columbia. Controversially, the fifth bill imposed a heavy fine on federal officials who failed to arrest defiant salves. Slavery after the Compromise of 1850 Kansas and Nebraska were allowed by Congress to choose between slavery and free states through the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This resulted into clashes between the pro and anti- Kansas-Nebraska Act, forcing the Supreme Court to intervene. Through the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, the court dismissed the idea of slaves being granted citizenship arguing that the y were not recognized by law[6]. The court further stated that Congress lacked constitutional mandate to outlaw slavery in Kansas and Nebraska. It is believed that the Dred Scott Decision fully contributed to the Civil War immediately after the election of Abraham Lincoln as the first republican President from Illinois in 1860. Existing differences between Northern and Southern States continued before hitting the peak in 1961 when southern states pulled out of the Union.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery and the Underground Railroad specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The secession was nullified by President Lincoln who ordered soldiers to quell the rebellion through an attack on the South. This led to a fatal clash that lasted four years, claiming the lives of more than six hundred thousand people. It was during this time that the president drafted the Emancipation Proclamation which was issued in January 18 63[7]. The decree freed slaves in rebel states leaving those in loyal states in bondage. Consequently, pressure mounted for the amendment of the proclamation to completely abolish slavery in the United States. The 13th Amendment of 1865 outlawed slavery in the United States[8]. This allowed black people to hold legislative offices, promoted social justice and access to public facilities. Nevertheless, the fight went on as some states continued to undermine African-Americans. Several massacres were witnessed including the â€Å"Opelousas Massacre† in1868 and the â€Å"Clinton Massacre† in 1875. The appointment of President Rutherford in 1877 marked the end of reconstruction although segregation continued to haunt African-Americans. Conclusion It is evident that slavery is a major component of the American history which had significant impact on the most powerful nation on the planet. The war against it was brutal and fatal, claiming the lives of many black and white peo ple. Efforts to end slavery led to the formation of influential and important movements that have remained active in fighting against social injustices and promoting equality in the American society. Bibliography Davis, Ronald. â€Å"Slavery in America: Historical Overview.† Slavery in America. Web. Henretta, James and David Brody. America: A Concise History. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. Schneider, Dorothy and Carl Schneider. Slavery in America. New York City: Infobase Publishing, 2006.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Footnotes Ronald Davis, â€Å"Slavery in America: Historical Overview†. Slavery in America. Dorothy Schneider and Schneider Carl, Slavery in America (New York City: Infobase Publishing, 2006), 16. Ronald Davis, â€Å"Slavery in America: Historical Overview,† Slavery in America. Ibid Dorothy Schneider and Schneider Carl, Slavery in America (New York City: Infobase Publishing, 2006), 17. James Henretta and Brody David, America: A Concise History (Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009), 349. Ronald Davis, â€Å"Slavery in America: Historical Overview,† Slavery in America. Dorothy Schneider and Schneider Carl, Slavery in America (New York City: Infobase Publishing, 2006), 17. This essay on Slavery and the Underground Railroad was written and submitted by user Anna Baker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Heathcliff And Cathy Of Wuthering Heights Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Heathcliff and Cathy of Wuthering Highs The scene and descriptions of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange that Emily Bront? uses throughout her novel, Wuthering Heights, helps to put the temper for depicting Heathcliff and Cathy. The cold, boggy, and bare Moors separate the two families. Each house stands entirely, in the thick of the drab land, but the ambiances of the two estates are rather different. This difference helps explicate the personalities and bond of Cathy and Heathcliff. Wuthering Highs, which represents Hell, is ever in a province of storminess. The Heights and its milieus depict the coldness, darkness, and evil associated with Hell. This parallels Heathcliff. He symbolizes the cold, dark, and blue house. The writer uses parallel personifications to picture specific parts of the house as parallels to Heathcliff # 8217 ; s face. Bront? describes the Windowss of the Heights as deeply set in the wall. Similarly, Heathcliff has deep-set dark eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on Heathcliff And Cathy Of Wuthering Heights Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Aboard with this association, Bront? # 8217 ; s rubric of her book holds definite significance. The very definition of # 8220 ; wuthering # 8221 ; is # 8220 ; to dry up, shrivel, or wilt as from decay # 8221 ; ( # 8220 ; Wuthering, # 8221 ; WordSmyth Collaboration ) . The dwellers, particularly Heathcliff and Cathy, cause the decay of themselves and convey # 8220 ; storminess # 8221 ; to the house. On the other manus, the Grange ; with all its profusion ; depicts fantastic Heaven. Thrushcross Grange, in contrast to the bleak exposed farmhouse, stands in the vale and has none of the inexorable characteristics of the Earnshaw # 8217 ; s place. Light and warmth fills the Grange ; it is the appropriate place of the kids of the composure. Wuthering Highs, nevertheless, is ever full of activity, sometimes to the point of pandemonium. Brave Cathy, a kid of the storm, attempts to bind these two universes of storm and quiet together. Despite the fact that she occupies a place midway between the two universes, Catherine is a merchandise of the Moors. She belongs in a sense to both universes and is torn between Heathcliff and Linton. Catherine does non # 8220 ; like # 8221 ; Heathcliff, yet loves him with all of the strength of her being. For he, like her, is a kid of the storm ; this makes a bond between them, and interweaves itself with the very nature of their being. In a empyreal t ransition, she tells Nelly that she loves Heathcliff: # 8230 ; non because he # 8217 ; s handsome Nelly, but because he # 8217 ; s more myself so I am. Whatever or psyches are made of, his and mine are the same, and Linton # 8217 ; s is every bit different as a moon ray from lightning, or hoar from fire # 8230 ; . My great wretchednesss in this universe have b een Heathcliff’s wretchednesss, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in life is himself. If all else perished, and he remained, I should still go on to be ; and if all else remained and he were annihilated, the existence would turn to a mighty alien: I should non look a portion of it. My love for Linton is like the leaf in the forests: clip will alter it, I’m good cognizant as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the ageless stones beneath: a beginning of small seeable delectation, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff—he’s ever, ever in my head ; non as a pleasance, any more than I am ever a pleasance to myself, but as my ain being.† ( Bront? 86, 87. ) Despite the fact that she loves merely Heathcliff, she marries Edgar Linton to seek to put Heathcliff # 8220 ; out of [ his ] brother # 8217 ; s power # 8221 ; ( Bront? 87 ) . Cathy # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; responsibility # 8221 ; toward Heathcliff signifiers in their bond when they grew up together. Their bond ties them to each other, and to the shared love of nature ; the stones, rocks, trees, the heavy skies and eclipsed Sun, which encompasses them. This # 8220 ; adhering # 8221 ; makes Heathcliff inseparable from Cathy. This is shown when he runs off after hearing Cathy # 8217 ; s degrading remarks about why she will non get married him. Heathcliff symbolizes the ramping storm he disappears into. Catherine, upon hearing that Heathcliff heard her remarks, goes out to the route in hunt of him # 8220 ; where # 8230 ; the growling boom, and the great beads that began to sprinkle around her, she remained naming, at intervals, and so hearing, and so shouting outright # 8221 ; ( Bront? 89 ) . This symbolism proves that the relationship and the internal bond that Cathy and Heathcliff have ties in closely with nature. The contrast of these two houses adds much to the significance of the novel, and without it, the narrative would non be the interesting, complex novel that it is without the contrast between the two estates. The contrast between them is more than physical, instead these two houses represent opposing forces that embody the dwellers. This contrast is what brings about the presentation of this narrative wholly, and is what draws itself to a human being by the profusion of the environing landscape. Plants Cited Bront? , Emily. Wuthering Highs. Ed. Linda H. Peterson. Boston: Bedford Books, 1992. Peterson, Linda H. Introduction. Wuthering Highs. By Emily Bront? . Boston: Bedford Books, 1992. 3-13. # 8220 ; Wuthering. # 8221 ; WordSymth: The Educational Dictionary-Thesaurus. WordSymth Collaboration, 1999. 21 March 2000. *http: //wordsymth.net

CPR essays

CPR essays Many lives each year are saved because someone in the area of an accident was trained in CPR and was able to keep an injured victim alive long enough for the paramedics to get to the scene. CPR or cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a technique of maintaining blood and oxygen flow through the body of a person whose heart and breathing have stopped. If breathing has stopped, death occurs in over 50 percent of people. Almost all others die within ten minutes. If breathing has stopped step one is to clear out all objects found in the mouth, being careful not to shove anything back down the throat. Also while doing this it is important not to move the spine or neck unless absolutely necessary, because if during the accident damage was done to the spine or neck movement could cause paralysis. If movement must be done be sure to keep the spine straight. Once all objects have been removed from the mouth and it is certain that there is no breathing, rescue breathing should be tried. It is important that the victim is not breathing because if there is slight breathing and rescue breathing is tried it could stop what natural breathing is occurring. In rescue breathing you first must tilt the head back slightly or the tongue could block the airway. Next you pinch the nose so air cannot escape. Third, you seal your lips around the victims and blow air into their lungs. About 12 breathes per minute is good enough for adults; each breath should be approximately one and half seconds. With children or infants two breathes per cycle. After each cycle, whether adult, child or infant, you must check to see if breathing has returned and if there is still a pulse. If the pulse has stopped you have to start chest compressions. Chest compressions help to keep blood circulating and keep oxygen flowing to vital organs. It is important that the heart has stopped completely before chest compressions start. Step one of chest compressions ...

Presidential commission ability to present ideas to enable the US to Essay

Presidential commission ability to present ideas to enable the US to effectively wage war - Essay Example The other most prominent of these wars is the World War II that took place 1939-1945. In this war, what enabled US emerge the winners in their own way was the air superiority they had. US used aircraft carriers to bomb places including Hiroshima and Nagasaki but this made them had an upper advantage over their enemies whose aircraft strength was bare minimal compared with that of US. In spite of the controversy surrounding the Vietnam War (1955-1975), what made the war last that longer and later on helped the Vietnamese seek their independence after the defeat was the fact that the US military brought in a lot of its soldiers to fight the war. The increase in military strength with thousands of US soldiers fighting made the war last a few more years than it would have (Fredriksen, 154). Lastly, US military’s strength to win wars emanates from the money it puts in the military operations. This is true in the war against terrorism and especially that led to Osama to be captured. This war started in the 2001 and finally subsided with the death of the Al Qaeda leader and mastermind Osama. Trillions of dollars were used to fund this military exercise and finally this entire tax payer’s money yielded results. There are several things the previous military wars by the US has taught the nation and this can be used for future purposes in order to avoid the massive losses that are mostly incurred during wars including death of soldiers, loss of battle ships, spending a lot of money on dead ends and investigations among others. One of these things is the capitalization of US military on the strength of their soldiers. This therefore means that their soldiers are their biggest assets when it comes to war and therefore should always be made to feel that. This is possible through motivating them and appreciating their effort and hard work.